with 12.2, solr starts fine, and loads the core, but xwiki tries to hit it with an invalid url:
org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient$RemoteSolrException: Error from server at http://solr-index/solr/search: Expected mime type application/octet-stream but got text/html. <html>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508795752Z <head>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508799752Z <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508803952Z <title>Error 404 Not Found</title>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508808252Z </head>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508812152Z <body><h2>HTTP ERROR 404</h2>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508816352Z <p>Problem accessing /solr/search/select. Reason:
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508820252Z <pre> Not Found</pre></p>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508824352Z </body>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508828152Z </html>
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508831952Z
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508835852Z at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient.executeMethod(HttpSolrClient.java:629)
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508839852Z at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient.request(HttpSolrClient.java:265)
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508843853Z at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient.request(HttpSolrClient.java:248)
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508847753Z at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrRequest.process(SolrRequest.java:211)
2020-08-06T14:37:47.508851653Z at org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrClient.query(SolrClient.java:1003)
it is trying to hit it at /solr/search/select, which does not exist. Is xwiki tested with remote solr?